Scientific scepticism, fundamentally, questions the veracity and epistemic value of claims not supported by scientific evidence. Motivated by the assumption that only the empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth, the scientific sceptics often maintain that only scientific method is best suited for this purpose. Claims found to be wanting in scientific evidence are considered untrue, and of little or no epistemic consequence. Using the analytical and critical methods, this paper interrogates this epistemic criterion of justification of scientific scepticism. It shows the inherent epistemic deficits in this criterion of the scientific sceptics, and how absolutizing its demands in such a manner as to undermine the veracity and epistemic significance of claims outside the mainstream discipline of science is not only to entrap themselves in many epistemic burdens, but also to sink under the unsavoury weight of criteriological egocentrism, detrimental to cognitive progress. As a credible alternative, this paper explores the epistemic fecundity of contextualistic pluralism – the pluralism of contextually underwritten cognitive positions – in truth and KNOWLEDGE justification. It concludes with the relevance of this approach in epistemic justification as evident in its inclusive nature as well as its shift of the focus of philosophical thinking from identity to diversity in an interculturality society.

The focus of this study is primarily on “the discrepancy in mentality as an important factor affecting family problems and divorce”. For this purpose, some minor studies were conducted each of which experimentally examined different aspects of mental discrepancy in Iranian families. Almost all of these studies showed that permanent disputes and divorces resulted from the differences in their world-views, thinkings, and impressions in their mutual affairs. At last, the theory of Homogamy with two major revisions were used to explain the reasons and causes of family problems and divorce which were confirmed in minor studies and cases.

Purpose: Current study has been done to assess the ability to understand the Vocabularies used in the user interface of WEB of KNOWLEDGE and Scopus databases by Shahid Beheshti’s graduate students.Methodology: The methodology of present research is quantitative. A survey has been done as a research method. The research population was graduate students studying in Shahid Beheshti University and the random sampling method is used. The data were collected by questionnaire from 350 graduate students who 309 (88%) of them responded to the questionnaire.Findings: The results showed that Vocabularies used in interfaces of both databases had good capabilities of understanding. 69.4% of Vocabularies studied in WEB of KNOWLEDGE have very high and high level of understanding and 30.6% of words had the modest capabilities of understanding. According to results of words studied in Scopus, 59.5% of Vocabularies had very high and high capabilities of understanding. However 24.3% of the words have the modest and the 16.2% of the Vocabularies had low and very low capabilities of understanding.Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the plural words have higher level of understanding than singular words; also the level of understanding of short sentences is higher than long sentences; the understanding level of imperatives sentences is higher than declarative sentences and adjectival phrases and explanation of the words effect on the understanding of words concept. The results of the research showed that familiarity with and use of the database and the KNOWLEDGE of English language effect on the better understanding of words. Finally, by using the obtained results and to enhance of the Vocabularies understanding capabilities the suggestions is presented.

This research was carried out with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of the self-KNOWLEDGE educational package based on the theory of existentialism on the illogical beliefs of communication on people. The statistical population included all married people who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran's 1st and 3rd districts with marital problems. In the current research, experimental research method of quasi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. In the research sample, 16 people who had a high level of irrational beliefs were selected voluntarily based on the answers to the voluntary questionnaire of counseling centers, and 8 people were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was Adilson and Epstein's communication irrational beliefs questionnaire, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and 12 data collection training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance or MANOVA method was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis of covariance in the Mankva text showed that in the main hypothesis, the analysis of covariance in the variable of couples' irrational beliefs (sig=0.02, F=6.059) is significant. The results of the sub-hypotheses also showed that the analysis of covariance in the variable of destructiveness, belief in the changeability of the spouse, belief in mind reading, belief in sexual perfectionism and sexual differences of couples is significant. the self-KNOWLEDGE education based on the existentialism approach is effective on the irrational beliefs of married people.

Aim: COVID-19 is an epidemic that affects the entire world. This study was conducted at the beginning of 2021 with the aim of scientometrically drawing a map of COVID 19 in the WEB of Science Information Database. Methods: The present applied research is of quantitative type and has been done by Scientometric method. This study was conducted in April 2021 using the WEB of Science database. The sample population is all existing and related documents in the field of COVID in the database, which uses 101466 related keyword extraction and Scientometric analysis and illustration analysis using Excel and VOSviewer Software. Results: According to the information obtained, the publication of articles related to this issue has an upward trend. Most documents are in English and the United States is the largest producer of documents in this field. The most active authors are anonymous with 754 degrees and BMJ British Medical Journal magazine with 1363 titles, is the core and main magazine in COVID 19. This topic has 442 hot paper articles and 1966 highly cited article titles. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of COVID in the WEB of Science Information Database that can be a guide and roadmap for researchers and the scientific audience.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is the analysis of articles published about the evaluation of medical scientific products in WEB of Science database. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative research that is based on literature review. The population of the study consists of 55 articles published in valid national scientific journals on the review of medical scientific products of Iran in WEB of Science. Results: The findings show that during 2006-2016, about 35 articles reviewed the scientific outputs of medical universities and the others examined the scientific outputs of a particular subject area, among which pharmaceutical and surgical fields had the most studies. Some 60. 6% of the studies were published by specialists in the field of KNOWLEDGE and information science, and 39. 4% by medical specialists. Among universities, Iran University of Medical Sciences, and among individuals, Hafez Mohammad Hassanzadeh Asfijani were recognized as the most prolific. Most researches have been published using Scientometric Approach, and among scientific software, Pajek has been used more. Among the published articles, those with two and three authors were the most. Conclusion: The articles have been quantitative, and mentioning various methods indicates a kind of confusion in the choice of vocabulary and terminology.

Purpose: In recent years, researchers review and analyze information and scientific products have been concerned subject to international, national and The Institute's. Economics and commercial sciences, discussed the KNOWLEDGE’s related to economics and business. The analysis of scientific production in economics and business are also important in promoting and developing country.Methodology: This study method is a quantitative and use assessment of science techniques. This research studied Iranian researcher’s scientific products in the period 1990 to 2010.Conclusion: The results show that the growth of Iranian scientific papers in the fields of “economics-Business” in the study period has an acceptable amount, and 76% of the Iranian scientific productions were written inside the organization. Also Iranian researchers published more than fifty percent of its scientific productions in these fields in the qualified and first ranking journals and a high percentage of articles, "Economics-Business" (93%) Iranian researchers as the main author. Compared with Iran’s scientific products with two rivals in the Middle East, Egypt and Turkey in the fields "economics-trade" The results showed that Iran has considerable growth, but Turkey from Iran in this field has outdistanced and Egypt is third.